Liability means we must be able to prove "with a reasonable degree of medical certainty" the doctor or hospital or other medical professional who treated you "departed from what is accepted medical care." It means we must show that it was more likely than not that the doctors or other medical professionals who cared for you did not properly treat you medically and in accordance with the standard of care other physicians or other medical professionals with the same specialty would use to treat your problem. A medical expert must testify the treatment was inappropriate and explain how and why it was inappropriate.
Causation means our medical expert must be able to say, again, that what he is saying is more likely right than not right, and the alleged medical negligence was a cause of your injuries. He must be able to show the medical wrongdoing was a cause of your injury. If he is unable to show the wrongdoing caused your injury, you will be unable to prove your case.
Damages mean injuries. Medical lawyer Philadelphia expert must prove not only there was medical wrongdoing and the wrongdoing caused injury, but must also show your injury is significant. We use your treating doctors to as experts to explain to a jury what injuries you suffered. If your treating doctors are unavailable, we use other medical experts to describe to the jury the extent of your injury, disability and permanent problems.
When you receive treatment from a doctor, nurse, surgeon, or other professional in a medical field, you expect to receive a high standard of care as you are putting your life and health in their hands. Sometimes, the medical professionals you rely on can make mistakes or fail to observe basic care standards causing you suffer the following consequences: physical and emotional pain, medical bills, and lost time. Philadelphia Medical Malpractice Attorneys specialize in looking out for the interests of patients who desire to obtain fair compensation for their losses.
There are many kinds of medical errors birth injuries or birth related injuries are often due to misjudgment or poor care given by medical professionals and health care providers. In many cases, it is by no means the fault of the mother or the parent that the child has suffered a defect or birth injury. A Philadelphia Medical Malpractice Attorney can provide helpful information regarding baby injuries and birth trauma.
Cerebral Palsy is one such disease that occurs before, during, or after birth, although the direct cause is uncertain. Experts believe that CP occurs because of asphyxia, hypoxia of the brain, birth trauma during labor and delivery, or complications and injury to the brain. This injury is permanent and although Cerebral Palsy affects individuals differently, it cannot be cured. If your family has been affected by a birth related injury such as Cerebral Palsy, Philadelphia Medical Malpractice Attorneys may be able to provide help.
There are other mistakes health care professionals often make that result in birth injuries and your Philadelphia Medical Malpractice Attorney may be able to offer you some guidance. For instance:
A Delayed Cesarean C-Section: Often times medical staff neglect to perform a C-Section early enough in the birthing process, so the infant suffers brain damage, infection, or trauma.
Misdiagnosis of Baby Size: Sometimes, doctors may incorrectly predict the baby's size. This can result in complications if the baby is too big, as vaginal delivery becomes difficult and the infant may suffer severe consequences if stuck in the vaginal birth canal. These injuries can be permanent and devastating such as the infant's brain not receiving enough oxygen.
Utilizing the Vacuum/Forceps: Sometimes during birth, a vacuum is used to assist the mother in delivery by pulling the baby out of the birth canal while she pushes. Forceps are also used for the same purpose; they aid in delivery. If improperly used, these tools can cause severe damage to the baby's skull such as fractures, facial scarring, nerve damage, and brain hemorrhaging.
Philadelphia Medical Malpractice Attorneys work with individuals whose lives have been complicated by the injuries their infant or loved one has suffered. If you are unsure if a medical professional's treatment or negligence was related in some way to your family member's birth related injury, Philadelphia Medical Malpractice Attorneys are available to provide guidance and support. Take the time to consult with a Medical Malpractice lawyer to learn about what compensation may be available for your or your loved one's injuries.
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Finally, in February of 2009, sixteen years after the heartburn drug Reglan was linked to Tardive Dyskinesia, a neurological condition, the Food and Drug Administration put a warning on the label. That was a year ago, and now in February 2010 malpractice suites are surfacing. Even though the FDA has only approved Reglan for short-term use, a third of its users are on the drug for a year or longer, classifying them as long-term users.
The drug affects a large number of people and was dispensed 6.5 million times in 2008 alone. It was first approved by the FDA in 1958 for use on heartburn. It is an anti-nausea medication also known as metoclopramide, prescribed to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as acid reflux, diabetic gatroperesis and nausea associated with chemotherapy. Reglan increases stomach and small intestine contractions and has been prescribed to children, adults and pregnant women.
Reglan stimulates the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, the sphincter, stomach and small intestine. This causes the stomach to empty faster, and thus there is less reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus.
Patients who have taken Reglan can develop Tardive Dyskinesia. Tardive Dyskinesia is a permanently debilitating neurological condition that causes involuntary and repetitive movements of the lips, eyes, and fingers, similar to Parkinson's Disease. There is no known treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia, which permanently affects its victims physically, emotionally, and vocationally. Many people who took heartburn medication years ago and now have facial ticks, other neurological disorders may not realize they may be experiencing effects from Reglan.
Many doctors have continued to prescribe the drug simply because they are unaware of the consequences. When a physician prescribes a drug to you, this is a classic example of why it is important to do your own research and discuss possible side effects with your pharmacist. For instance, even though metoclopramide is not FDA-approved for morning sickness, many physicians prescribe it to treat pregnant women who suffer from nausea, and to increase milk production in nursing women. There is a label on Reglan which clearly states that the drug can pass into breast milk and may harm the baby.
Clearly on the Reglan label, the FDA has put a warning about using the drug longer than 12 weeks. The FDA warning does not Tardive Dyskinesia can occur even with short term use, and that the risk increases with long term use.
Many physicians may have been confused when prescribing metoclopramide because just three months after the FDA issued its warning, an article printed in the New England Journal of Medicine claimed that the drug was safe for use by pregnant women, and did not mention the risk of Tardive Dyskinesia.
There are many causes of domestic violence, and situations range across all socioeconomic levels and backgrounds. It may seem that an abused woman’s place of work may be a relief or an escape for them; unfortunately, abusers can further victimize their partner, even while they are at work. Victims are vulnerable because their abusers know where and when they go to work, as well as their phone number and e-mail address. Domestic violence offenders have been known to visit their partner’s place of business in an attempt to harm or harass them. Victims cannot escape, because their jobs are necessary to their financial survival and their only hope for independence.
Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, or psychological battering; all of which are devastating. Many times one suffers from more than one of these types of abuse from their partners. The causes of domestic violence have been studied, and typically, abuse escalates and intensifies over time. It has been found that 74% of women who are abused in the home experience continued abuse at their place of work. Abusers can use workplace property to stalk and threaten their victims. Not only is this a dangerous situation for the victim, but it creates a dangerous environment for co-workers with a violent individual wanting to do harm in their midst.
There are things that employers can and should do to help such as sex trafficking of female co-worker.They can have policies in place to help protect victims from abuse, and have specific guidelines allowing co-workers to recognize the signs of abuse to let them know how to help. If resources are made available, someone who may be hesitant to ask for help will know what to do. There are outside help and support groups, and employee assistance programs can be initiated. A domestic violence policy should be a part of an employer’s guidelines to encourage open communication, and to guide supervisors for proper procedures when there is an employee recognized as a victim.
Practical strategies can be implemented to protect sex trafficking victim in the workplace including having a secure work environment, offering schedule flexibility to a victim, or changing their work location. An employer can also be supportive by providing escorts or having a ‘buddy system’ for accompanying individuals to their cars or transportation home. Security personnel or receptionists can be provided with photographs of the abuser to allow screening and protection for the victim. Telephone and e-mail screening, or the changing of phone numbers or e-mail addresses can also help avoid harassment.
The emotional support from an employer is a critical element for a victim because they know that they can get help. In addition, the practical policies at a place of business can look after a victim daily, allowing them every possible chance to maintain their job and be safe while they are at work. The causes of domestic violence may not be prevented, but by providing a safe and accommodating environment for an employee, an employer offers a productive and safe work situation.
Grace Enderlein is a freelance writer and editor.“Causes of Domestic Violence and its Impact in the Workplace” notes the continued abuse for domestic abuse victims in their place of business, and what employers can do to help.We also provide help against sex trafficking of women and girls and strives for the prevention and awareness of the causes of domestic violence with their programs.
Dating and relationships are a normal part of growing up for many teenagers, although many teens form their first romantic relationships without any idea of what constitutes “healthy” dating. Because of their naiveté, they are more likely to get caught in a verbal, physical, or sexually abusive relationship. If you or your teen is involved in an “unhealthy” relationship, the following teen dating help may be useful.
Teen dating violence is typically not a one-time incident, but rather an ongoing cycle of abuse that occurs again and again—and can be very difficult to end. Teenage females are more susceptible to violence than any other age group and should take the time to read up on teen dating advice to protect themselves and their friends.
Although generally the patterns and signs of teen dating violence tend to mirror adult abusive relationships, there are some unique issues that teens face. Learn more about those issues in relation to teen dating violence, and learn how to seek help and put an abusive teen relationship to end.
Verbal or emotional abuse involves one person trying to control their partner’s feelings or behaviors. It includes, but is not limited to:
Name-calling and put-downs
Yelling and screaming
Embarrassing the person in front of others
Intimidation
Spreading negative rumors about the person
Preventing the person from seeing their friends or family
Threatening violence or harm
Telling the person what to do
Making racial slurs about the person
Making the person feel responsible for the abuse/violence
Physical abuse includes, but is not limited to:
Scratching
Kicking
Pushing
Choking
Biting
Slapping
Shoving
Pulling hair
Punching
Pinching
If you’re experiencing a few or any of these behaviors, don’t hesitate to learn how you can seek help and end an abusive relationship.
Nearly 80% percent of girls who have been physically abused in their intimate relationships continue to date their abusers. Ending a relationship is a difficult and involved process, even in a healthy situation and in a physically abusive relationship, it can sometimes seem impossible. With the support of friends, family, and school, end your unhealthy relationship by learning more information on teen dating violence and discovering good teenage dating advice.
E. Ronchetti is an independent contractor working to market http://www.Soroptimist.org and would like to share their wonderful information on teenage dating and teen dating advice.This and many other resources for teens and parents on teen dating violence can be found on the Soroptimist website.
Countless women endure the physical, sexual and psychological abuse of domestic violence in their own homes from their partners. It is estimated that in the U.S. among women 18 and older, 5.3 million acts of domestic violence happen every year. The statistics are even higher internationally, and aside from the tragic personal implications, the problem spills over into the workplace.
Some victims are brave enough to escape the abuse at home, but unfortunately the abuser knows where they work, and are able to harass and threaten her there. In fact, it has been found that 75% of abusers have used communications such as work email or phone calls, or visited the workplace of the victim to further threaten their partner. This is a frightening scenario not just for the victim, but for her fellow employees.
Recognizing signs that someone is being abused could help protect a domestic abuse victim, and lead her to support for her situation. A place of work should be a safe place for an individual and their co-workers, so it is in everyone’s best interest to look for the signs and take steps to be supportive. Warning signs can include social withdrawal from co-workers, visible bruises, emotional outbursts on the phone, or frequent calls which leave them upset. Lateness or frequent absences are common among victims, as well as reduced productivity and poor job performance.
When there are outward physical signs such as bruising, a victim often lies to co-workers out of embarrassment. Co-workers and employers should always be supportive, respectful and encouraging, and hopefully that communicates to the victim that they are willing to help when the victim is ready.
After the recognition or admission of an abusive situation, employers should take reasonable measures to protect their employee. These can include possibly changing their schedule or work location, screening calls and visitors, and escorts to where they have parked. A formal, written workplace policy should be in place which includes information on where to get help outside of the office.
A place of work may be the only safe haven for a victim, and an environment of safety and supportiveness will not only protect them, but make a more productive worker. Employers and co-workers need to be aware of the signs of domestic violence, and take steps to protect all employees from abusive individuals.
Grace Enderlein is a freelance writer and editor. “Recognizing Domestic Violence Victims in the Workplace” notes the signs which could mean one are being abused. Soroptimist.org is an International women's organization working to improve the lives of women, including support for women in domestic abuse situations.
November is National Adoption Awareness Month, a time to celebrate the many definitions of family. The U.S. alone is home to more than 1.5 million kids who were adopted. A reported 60 percent of Americans have personal experience with adoption.
The stigma long associated with adoption has lessened in recent years. Adoption is out in the open now, compared to a generation ago when many children weren’t even told they had been adopted (truly hard to imagine). Thanks to all the people who have formed their families through adoption, and celebrities like the Jolie-Pitts, Katherine Heigl and Madonna, much more is said and written about adoption than ever before. Not that it’s been without controversy. Endless comments have centered on the motivations of celebrities who adopt from overseas. Interesting because I don’t see the people making these comments adopting anyone, domestically or otherwise!
Yet, the stigma lingers. And if the child is from another culture, well that just adds another layer of complexity. Just ask my daughter, who was adopted as an infant from China. She suffers regularly from the cruel and racist comments of her schoolmates. Now that she’s in middle school, the barbs have become sharper and more hurtful. Eye pulling. Gibberish meant to sound Chinese. Rude and personal questions. Because parental involvement is diminished in middle school, many of the kids don’t know my daughter was adopted. But if they find out, then she hears those comments too. Kids in middle school want one thing: to fit in—which is hard to do when you’re a Chinese child with Caucasian parents, being raised in a relatively non-diverse area.
Let’s hope National Adoption Awareness Month, celebrity adoptions, and continued dialogue will help to shine a light on the many ways a family can be formed. As our world becomes smaller and more diverse, maybe one day the stigma will vanish completely.
Darlene Friedman, senior director of membership marketing for Soroptimist (Soroptimist.org), co-authors a blog with her daughter (Edens-Garden.com) for tween girls and their moms. Soroptimist is an international women's organization for international women's issues.
Human Trafficking is an international problem to which millions fall victim each year. The problem is increasing because of globalization and the lack of regulations. When coercion is used to force one into
labor for the profit of another, this is trafficking. There are some general causes and influences of sex slavery and human trafficking.
Extreme poverty is typical in the regions and for victims where sex slavery occurs, especially among women. When women are unemployed and their economic position is low, there is no escaping their situations. With promises
of jobs or better living conditions, they are frequently coerced into slavery. In some societies, woman and girls are perceived as expendable, and they are treated with a lack of respect. In these cultures, it is not considered
morally wrong to abuse a female, which perpetuates the problem of human trafficking further.
Typically, there is extreme social and economic unrest and political corruption where human trafficking is common. This lack of stability leads to widespread corruption, allowing the abuse and the illegal transit of humans across
borders.
Human trafficking and sex slavery is also profitable, so in these corrupt and poor regions, the appeal of making money continues the problem. Not only is it cheap labor, but the profits
to be made on another, many times via organized crime, is big business. The human trafficking process begins at a country of origin and eventually to a country of destination, and the demand for the inhumane use of women and
The demand is rising internationally, and the lack of public knowledge is another cause for human trafficking. With education and awareness, the problem would decrease. Human
trafficking not only affects countries with conflict and unrest, many destination countries where the demand for prostitution is high are developed countries, including the United States.
Teenage dating violence is not uncommon; almost a third of teens in the U.S. experience some type of abuse in their relationships. It follows the typical patterns that adult abusive relationships follow with repeated violence which gets worse every time. The abuser feels remorse and says they are sorry with promises to change, but the teeenage dating violence continues and the pattern continues. There are three main types of dating abuse: verbal and emotional, physical, and sexual.
Verbal or emotional abuse is about the abuser trying to gain control of the victims feelings or behaviors, as are all of the types of abuse. It instills fear in the victim and erodes their self worth and self esteem. Verbal and emotional abuse includes yelling, name calling, put downs, embarrassment, intimidation, and/or the spreading of rumors. It can make the person feel responsible for their abuse, as their abuser controls their actions and behavior. The victim feels trapped in the relationship, and is so manipulated that they fear ending the connection.
Physical abuse in teenage dating violence involves hitting, shoving, pushing, and any other unwanted contact with the victim body. The abuser overreacts in a negative way to a victim’s behavior, and becomes physically aggressive with their partner. According to the National Resource Center on Domestic Violence, 45% of girls reported that they had experienced physical violence while in a teenage dating relationship. The terror a young person feels in this situation, again, traps them into remaining in a bad situation.
Sexual abuse is defined as unwanted sexual activity which includes kissing or touching, groping, and/or sexual intercourse. A partner in a relationship always has the right to say no to any sexual situation, and it is considered abusive when they are forced into something they do not want to do. Sexual abuse is common in abusive relationships, and a significant amount of physically battered victims are also raped by their partners. There are negative consequences to remaining in an abusive relationship for the victim, and most continue in the relationship.
An international volunteer organizations main goal is to improving the lives of women and girls. They address the important issue of teenage dating violence with projects that increase awareness about the problem. They also support education and prevention programs about teenage dating violence.
Grace Enderlein is a freelance writer and editor. “What are the Types of Teenage Dating Violence” outlines the three main types of dating abuse: verbal/emotional, physical, and sexual. Soroptimist.org supports projects aiming to prevent teenage dating violence.
Education is a fundamental human right according to the United Nations; however, sixty million girls worldwide are denied an education, and millions more receive an inferior education as compared to boys. The reasons for the lack of education for women are sexist cultural norms, poverty, poor health, and safety issues. The lack of education effects economic advancement, health and family planning, and the uneducated women’s children and their education. The benefits to educating women are profound for the individual, and to local and global societies. A girl’s education is the “best investment for reducing poverty, improving health, and ensuring social well being” according to the United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and there are efforts being made to improve this social crisis.
If a woman is uneducated, their options and rights for equal employment, political participation, financial independence, and informed family planning are extremely limited or non-existent. Internationally, women continue to be exploited and caught in poverty with their children’s lives compromised as well. Uneducated women are more likely to live in poverty, be infected with HIV/AIDS, or die in childbirth. Their children are also more likely to die of malnutrition.
Women with an education are more likely to be employed, and therefore able to support themselves and their children independently. When women are productive in a workplace, it contributes to the economy and society. Therefore, an effort toward educating women effects future generations and the global community. It has been found that educated women are more likely to engage in protected sex, therefore avoiding the spread of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. This also helps avoid unwanted pregnancies and contributes to a decline in infant mortality. Additionally, educated women are far more likely to send their children to school, continuing the positive effects.
There have been conferences and summits by international groups in efforts to achieve universal primary education. Some progress has been made, but not enough. Further goals include eliminating child labor, supporting gender responsive schools that allow pregnant girls to continue their education, producing relevant educational content, providing gender sensitive curricula, training more female teachers, building schools accessible to girls’ homes, and making schools safe for girls.
There are many organizations supports women and girls around the world to improve their lives, including many projects that help women and girls seek an education. These volunteer organizations of businesses and professional women contribute time and financial support on local and international levels.
Grace Enderlein is a freelance writer and editor. “Women’s Education: Girls and Women’s Education” summarizes the global need to properly educate women. Soroptimist.org is an international women’s organization, supports women in their pursuit to improve their lives.
